The Impact of Biodiversity Net Gain on the UK Planning System

In recent years, the UK has taken significant steps towards integrating environmental sustainability into its planning system. One of the most impactful measures is the introduction of Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG), a policy requiring new developments to leave the natural environment in a measurably better state than before. This legislation became mandatory in England on 12^th February 2024.

 

Understanding Biodiversity Net Gain

Biodiversity Net Gain requires developers to assess the ecological value of a site before any construction begins, and then demonstrate how they will enhance this value through their project. Existing habitats will contain a number of ‘biodiversity units’ depending on factors such as size, quality, location and type of habitat. The 10% increase could involve creating new habitats, planting trees or implementing green roofs and walls. The goal is to ensure that developments positively contribute to local biodiversity, rather than depleting it.

 

Who does it apply to?

BNG applies to all planning applications except for:

• Developments below the threshold (25sq m) of on-site habitat
• Developments involving less than 5 metres of on-site linear habitats such as hedgerows
• Householder Applications
• Self and Custom Build Applications
• Biodiversity gain site
• HS2 Applications

*Whilst this information is in line with the government legislation, Local Authorities may request BNG calculations as part of their individual policies

For smaller developments, the implementation of BNG might initially seem taxing, however, the policy is designed to be scalable and proportionate. There are several key benefits to the legislation which should be considered:

• By integrating biodiversity considerations, household developments can contribute to broader environmental goals. Small-scale projects can cumulatively have a significant positive impact on urban biodiversity. For example, incorporating native plant in garden landscaping or installing bird boxes can support local wildlife.
• Enhancing biodiversity can increase property values and improve community wellbeing. Green spaces, even small ones, provide aesthetic and recreational benefits.
• The necessity of integrating biodiversity can drive innovation in household design. Homeowners and developers might explore new materials and construction methods that are both sustainable and conducive to biodiversity. Green roofs, for example, can insulate homes while providing habitats for insects and birds

Challenges and Opportunities

While BNG presents several benefits, there are also challenges. The additional costs and procedural steps could be seen as barriers, particularly for those unfamiliar with ecological considerations. However, these challenges can be mitigated through education, streamlined processes, and support from local authorities

The long-term benefits of increased biodiversity—such as enhanced ecosystem services, improved air quality, and climate resilience—far outweigh the initial investments. For applicants, participating in this environmental stewardship can foster a sense of pride and responsibility towards the natural world

Conclusion

Biodiversity Net Gain is set to transform the UK planning system, embedding sustainability into the heart of development. This means a shift towards more ecologically conscious planning and building practices. While the transition involves adapting to new requirements and potential costs, the overarching goal of preserving and enhancing biodiversity offers substantial rewards for individuals, communities, and the environment. As the policy takes root, it will undoubtedly contribute to a greener, more sustainable future for the UK.